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BSU/ESU Protocol

The explicit frame synchronization protocol for modern terminal applications.

The Escape Sequences

Alternative DCS Form

Some apps send an older DCS-wrapped form of the same signal. MonoTerm detects both and treats them equivalently:

Why Mode 2026?


How MonoTerm Detects BSU/ESU


BSU/ESU vs Cursor Pattern


Frame Buffering During BSU


Timeout Protection

What if ESU never comes?

Nested BSU/ESU

Can BSU appear inside another BSU?

Which Apps Use BSU/ESU?

Terminals Supporting BSU/ESU

  • Kitty (original implementer)
  • Alacritty
  • iTerm2
  • WezTerm
  • Contour
  • Monolex

Apps Sending BSU/ESU

  • Neovim (when TERM supports it)
  • Helix editor
  • tmux (passthrough mode)
  • rich (Python library)
  • textual (Python TUI framework)

Summary

Automatic compatibility. You don’t need to configure anything. Monolex automatically detects whether apps use BSU/ESU or cursor patterns and handles both seamlessly.

Next Steps

Why Monolex is Fast

See how BSU/ESU contributes to overall performance.

Architecture Overview

Understand how BSU/ESU fits into the complete system.